COVER LETTER
Dear Professor,
As I look back on the process of developing my research essay, I see how much this project helped me grow as both a thinker and a writer. When I first chose to explore language, belonging, and cultural expectations, I had a general sense of why the topic mattered to me. Over time, the research and writing process helped me understand the deeper reasons behind my interest. This project pushed me to reflect not only on academic concepts but also on how language shapes my own experiences and the experiences of people around me.
My intended audience for this essay includes multilingual speakers, first-generation students, and anyone who has ever felt pressured to adjust their voice in order to be accepted. I chose a writing style that is clear and natural because I wanted the essay to feel accessible. Instead of using heavy academic language, I focused on explaining my ideas in a way that invites readers into the conversation. I also followed your feedback closely by defining terms such as culture, identity, belonging, and bias. Doing this helped me stay aware of my reader and reminded me that clarity is a key part of good writing.
Throughout this process, I achieved several of the Course Learning Outcomes, especially the goal that asks students to “recognize and practice key rhetorical terms and strategies in writing.” I tried to be intentional about my rhetorical choices, especially when revising the introduction and thesis. I also met the outcome that asks students to “develop strategies for critical reading, drafting, collaborating, revising, and editing.” Your feedback helped me slow down and look at my writing more carefully. I revised my introduction to include clearer definitions, strengthened my thesis, and made my paragraphs flow more naturally. Presenting my topic in class also helped me hear how my words sounded, which guided my revisions even further.
Another learning outcome that informed my work was the one that encourages students to “understand and use a flexible writing process that includes brainstorming, outlining, drafting, and revising.” I used this outcome when I reorganized my essay’s structure, improved my transitions, and connected my sources more effectively. Researching scholars like Lippi-Green, Flores and Rosa, and Gee also helped me understand how literacy and language reflect cultural values. Their ideas made me more aware of the social meaning that sits behind everyday communication.
Overall, this project taught me how cultural expectations shape belonging and how language reflects identity. It made me think more deeply about the pressures people navigate when they move between languages and cultural spaces. I hope my final draft reflects my growth as a writer and my dedication to improving the clarity and depth of my work. Thank you for your guidance throughout this assignment and for helping me learn how to communicate my ideas with more purpose.
Sincerely,
Ema Sikder
Research Essay FINAL Draft
Beyond “Proper English”: Cultural Expectations and Belonging.
Many researchers argue that language is one of the strongest forces shaping how people are seen in society, but for individuals, it is often the force that shapes how they see themselves. I have noticed this in my own life when I move between different environments and feel my voice shifting slightly in each one. These small changes show how cultural expectations guide the way people speak in order to feel accepted. For many immigrants, multilingual speakers, or anyone who stands between cultures, language is not only about communication. It becomes a negotiation of identity, belonging, and self-worth. This is why I chose to explore the relationship between language, belonging, and cultural expectations. I realized that many people, including myself, do not always understand why they feel pressure to sound a certain way. Researching this helped me see that cultural expectations are not natural rules. They are learned ideas that can be questioned and changed. This essay examines how social expectations shape identity and influence the feeling of belonging, especially when individuals navigate different cultural or linguistic spaces. Understanding this helps reveal how power, history, and social norms affect the everyday experience of speaking.
To make my discussion clear, it is important to define several key concepts. When I use the term “culture,” I mean the shared practices, values, and communication styles that shape the way a group of people understand the world. Culture influences everything from how people greet each other to the expectations they have about what respectful speech sounds like. “Identity” refers to how people see themselves and how they feel recognized by others. It includes personal history, community ties, and the ways people present themselves through language. “Belonging” describes the emotional comfort someone feels when the people around them accept their way of speaking and being. It includes feeling safe, respected, and understanding. “Bias” refers to unfair beliefs or judgments about a group, such as assumptions about intelligence based on language, accent, or tone. Bias shapes the way cultural expectations develop because it influences which voices are valued and which are criticized. These definitions help frame my discussion of cultural expectations, which are the unwritten rules that tell people how they should speak in order to be accepted. Understanding these ideas helps show how language is deeply connected to social experience and why people often feel pressured to meet the expectations of a dominant culture. When we look closely at these definitions, we begin to see how complex and emotional the experience of language can be.
Rosina Lippi-Green’s book English with an Accent explains how the belief in a single “proper” form of English has shaped public opinion and institutions. Lippi-Green argues that society often treats certain accents as signs of intelligence, professionalism, or credibility, while judging others as incorrect or uneducated (Lippi-Green 67). This argument shows how cultural expectations are connected to power. If one group decides what “good English” sounds like, then anyone who sounds different may feel excluded from opportunities or social acceptance. Lippi-Green’s research supports my thesis because it shows how deeply language is tied to belonging. When cultural expectations tell people that their natural way of speaking is wrong, they begin to question their identity, even when their language is completely valid. Her work also reveals how these expectations start early. Many children learn quickly that their home language or accent is treated differently at school. They may adjust their voice without thinking about it, hoping to avoid judgment. Over time, these adjustments can create distance between a person’s inner sense of identity and the voice they feel forced to perform in public. Lippi-Green’s work helped me understand why so many people feel uncomfortable speaking in certain environments, even when they are fluent. Their discomfort is not about ability. It is about the pressure to match a standard that was created without them in mind.
Flores and Rosa expand this discussion by explaining that people are not only judged by the language they use but also by the bodies they inhabit. In their article “Undoing Appropriateness,” they describe how racialized students can be viewed as inappropriate even when they follow the rules of standard English (Flores and Rosa 152). Their argument reveals that cultural expectations are shaped by race, class, and power. This supports my thesis by showing that belonging is not only about how someone speaks but also about how society interprets their speech. Even when individuals try to meet cultural expectations, they may still face bias, which can make belonging feel incomplete or conditional. This reinforces the idea that cultural expectations are not simple guidelines. They are tied to systems that privilege certain groups over others. Their work helped me see that language judgment is often not about clarity or correctness. It is about who society believes deserves to be heard. When people are judged before they even finish speaking, it creates a cycle of self-doubt. Many people begin to monitor themselves constantly, worrying that any small mistake will confirm the stereotypes others already hold about them. This type of pressure affects confidence and can even influence academic or professional choices. Flores and Rosa helped me understand the emotional side of language judgment, which is often invisible but very powerful.
James Paul Gee adds an important perspective by explaining how individuals participate in multiple “Discourses,” which are ways of speaking and behaving that reflect different social identities. In his article “Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics,” Gee argues that people learn to navigate multiple Discourses throughout their lives, and each one influences how they express themselves and how others view them (Gee 5). This concept supports my argument because it shows that identity is flexible. People can belong to more than one cultural group, and their language reflects this movement. However, when one Discourse is treated as superior, individuals may feel pressure to hide parts of themselves in order to fit in. This pressure reveals how cultural expectations shape identity and belonging in complex ways. Gee’s work helped me understand why some people switch between different versions of themselves depending on where they are. This shifting is not simply about communication. It is about survival, acceptance, and emotional comfort. His idea of multiple Discourses also helped me see that belonging is not fixed. People belong to many communities at once, and each one brings different expectations. Understanding this flexibility helped me see that cultural expectations do not have to control identity. Instead, people can learn to value the different voices they carry.
Together, these scholars show that language is more than a tool. It is a social experience that shapes how people see themselves and how they are treated. Through this research, I learned that belonging is shaped by expectations about how people should sound, and these expectations can influence confidence and identity. I also began to understand moments in my own life when I adjusted my voice without realizing why. Many people move between cultural spaces every day and silently carry the pressure to sound a certain way in order to be accepted. This research helped me see that belonging should not depend on meeting expectations that were created to privilege certain groups. Instead, belonging should come from acceptance and respect for the ways people naturally express themselves. Understanding this has made me more aware of the judgments that exist in daily interactions and more committed to questioning them. It also helped me recognize that identity is flexible and should not be limited by expectations that were never made for everyone. My hope is that learning about these ideas can encourage more inclusive attitudes, so
People can feel seen and valued without having to change the parts of themselves that are tied to culture, family, and home. Recognizing this has given me a stronger appreciation for the many voices that shape communities, and it has encouraged me to think more deeply about the kind of environment I want to help create.
WORKS CITED
Flores, Nelson, and Jonathan Rosa. “Undoing Appropriateness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Language Diversity in Education.” Harvard Educational Review, vol. 85, no. 2, 2015, pp. 149–171. ERIC, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1066039
Gee, James Paul. “Literacy, Discourse, and Linguistics: Introduction.” Journal of Education, vol. 171, no. 1, 1989, pp. 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205748917100101
Lippi-Green, Rosina. English with an Accent: Language, Ideology, and Discrimination in the United States. 3rd ed., Routledge, 2020.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203348802/english-accent-rosina-lippi-green




